London to San Francisco (LHR–SFO) — Airlines, Schedules & Connections

British passport holders enter the US under the Visa Waiver Program (VWP) for up to 90 days for tourism or business. You must obtain an ESTA (Electronic System for Travel Authorization) before departure. The ESTA costs $21, is valid for 2 years or until your passport expires, and allows multiple entries. Apply at esta.cbp.dhs.gov, the only official site. Most approvals come within minutes, but apply at least 72 hours before travel. The 90-day stay cannot be extended under the VWP.

Passport must be an electronic/biometric passport (all UK passports issued since 2006 qualify). You need proof of onward travel out of the US within 90 days. CBP officers at the port of entry make the final admission decision and can ask about trip purpose, accommodation, and ties to the UK. Automated passport control (APC) kiosks and Global Entry (for pre-approved travelers) speed up arrival processing. Anyone with certain criminal convictions, prior visa denials, or dual nationality with Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, or Yemen may be ineligible for the VWP and need a B-1/B-2 visa ($185) from the US Embassy in London.

Direct flights from London Heathrow to New York (JFK) run about 7 hours 30 minutes westbound. Multiple US destinations have direct service from London, Manchester, and Edinburgh. The 90-day VWP clock does not reset by visiting Canada, Mexico, or the Caribbean and returning to the US; the original 90 days continues to count down. No vaccination requirements for UK arrivals. US Customs allows $800 worth of goods duty-free per person.

Heathrow Express runs from London Paddington to T5 and T2/T3 in 15–21 minutes (£37 single, cheaper booked online or via the Heathrow app). Elizabeth line (Crossrail) is a lower-cost alternative; Paddington to T5 in 34 minutes from £13.50 with an Oyster/contactless cap of £14.90. The Elizabeth line also serves central London stations including Bond Street, Farringdon, and Liverpool Street.London Underground Piccadilly line serves all terminals (T2/T3/T4/T5) from central London in 40–60 minutes (£6 with Oyster). Taxis (black cabs) from central London cost £55–90 depending on traffic. Coach services from Victoria Coach Station (National Express) cost from £10 booked in advance.

BART from SFO station (free AirTrain from any terminal to the station) to downtown San Francisco takes 30–40 minutes ($10.45 to Embarcadero). Traffic on 101 can make taxis and ride-hails much slower during peak hours; BART skips all of that. BART also reaches Oakland, Berkeley, and Millbrae for Caltrain connections.Ride-hails from SFO use a dedicated garage pickup area; follow signs. Taxis are metered; downtown SF costs $40–60. Caltrain to the Peninsula (Mountain View, Palo Alto, San Jose) requires taking BART to Millbrae station for the transfer. Rental cars are at a consolidated facility accessible by AirTrain.

Coastal fog dominates the climate pattern. The thick marine layer ("Karl the Fog") rolls into SFO from the Pacific regularly in summer (June–September), causing significant low-visibility delays even on days that appear sunny inland. Morning fog burns off by afternoon most days, but persistent IFR conditions can last all day. This is the primary flight disruption risk at SFO.

Temperatures are mild year-round (10–20°C) with little seasonal variation. Winters bring rain (December–March) and occasional atmospheric river events that cause brief but intense flooding on the 101. Summers are cool. Pack a light jacket year-round. Wind off the bay affects small aircraft approach paths.