Louisville to Catania (SDF–CTA) — Airlines, Schedules & Connections

US passport holders enter Italy visa-free for up to 90 days within any 180-day period across the entire Schengen area. No advance application is needed. Italy is an EU member and Schengen member. Passport must be valid for at least 3 months beyond the planned departure from the Schengen area. At Rome Fiumicino (FCO), Milan Malpensa (MXP), Venice Marco Polo (VCE), or any Italian airport, immigration stamps your passport at the non-EU line.

The 90-day Schengen clock runs across all 29 Schengen countries. Italy's high-speed rail network connects Rome to Florence in 1 hour 30 minutes, Rome to Naples in 1 hour 10 minutes, and Rome to Milan in 2 hours 55 minutes on Trenitalia Frecciarossa or Italo NTV trains. Book early for the best fares: Rome to Florence starts at EUR 19 ($20.50) on Italo if purchased 3 to 4 weeks ahead. Vatican City and San Marino, both independent microstates within Italy, require no separate visa.

Direct flights from New York JFK to Rome run about 8 hours 30 minutes on ITA Airways, Delta, and United. Newark, Miami, Chicago, Boston, Los Angeles, and Philadelphia also have nonstop service to Italian cities. Italy uses the euro, trading at roughly $1.08 per EUR 1. Card payments work at most businesses, though small shops and trattorias may prefer cash for amounts under EUR 10. Rome's metro has 3 lines: single tickets cost EUR 1.50 ($1.62). A 7-day Roma Pass costs EUR 38.50 and includes unlimited transit plus museum discounts. A proper Italian lunch (primo, secondo, contorno, and house wine) at a neighborhood trattoria runs EUR 15 to EUR 25 ($16 to $27).