Washington London

Dulles sits 27 miles west of downtown Washington in the Virginia suburbs, connected to the city by the Silver Line Metro. The Saarinen-designed main terminal is the building on every postcard, but most gates are in the midfield concourses reached by the AeroTrain people mover.

Walking distances between concourses can be long. If you have a tight connection, check which concourse your gate is in before landing. Security lines can build during the late afternoon departure rush, but TSA PreCheck and Clear lanes move faster.

BWI sits between Baltimore and Washington, 32 miles from downtown DC and about 10 miles from downtown Baltimore. The airport has a single terminal building divided into concourses A through E, with a straightforward layout that keeps walking distances short.

The terminal is functional rather than flashy. Security checkpoints tend to move faster than at the larger DC-area airports, and the concourses rarely feel overcrowded. A free shuttle bus connects the terminal to the BWI rail station for MARC and Amtrak service.

Heathrow has four active terminals and your airline determines which one you use. Terminal 5 is British Airways territory, the newest and most polished. Terminal 2, the Queen's Terminal, handles Star Alliance carriers. Terminal 3 has Virgin Atlantic and several US carriers. Terminal 4 is smaller and serves a mix of international airlines.

The terminals are not walkable between each other. Free inter-terminal transfers run on the Elizabeth Line or Heathrow Express between T2/T3 (which share a central area) and T5. T4 requires a separate bus. Build in 60 minutes if you need to change terminals for a connection.

Immigration at 6 to 8 AM is slow. The morning wave of transatlantic red-eyes all land in the same window, and queues back up. E-gates work for US passport holders, which helps, but the volume is real. The airport is well-signed and functional, not beautiful. Shopping is extensive if you clear customs early.

Stansted is a single-terminal airport designed by Norman Foster, and the building itself is worth noticing. The roof structure is a clean white canopy held up by trees of steel columns. It opened in 1991 and still looks modern. The terminal is compact and navigation is straightforward.

Stansted is a budget carrier hub. Ryanair dominates the departure boards. Long-haul service is limited. Most traffic is European short-haul on budget carriers. The airport does one thing well: move large numbers of passengers through a simple layout with short walking distances.

It sits 40 miles northeast of central London, the farthest of the four London airports from the city. The Stansted Express runs to Liverpool Street in 47 minutes, which is reasonable, but you are starting from much farther out.

Luton is a single-terminal airport 35 miles north of central London that has been undergoing expansion. The DART people-mover opened in 2023, replacing the old shuttle bus from the Luton Airport Parkway rail station. That shuttle bus was always the weakest link in getting to central London from Luton, and the DART fixes it.

The terminal is compact and functional. It serves mostly budget carriers on European routes. Any transatlantic service from New York is rare and seasonal. The airport handles fewer passengers than Heathrow, Gatwick, or Stansted, and it shows in the smaller food and retail options.

Luton works well for travelers headed to the north side of London, Bedfordshire, or the Midlands. For everyone else, the distance to central London and the limited flight options make it primarily a budget carrier airport.

Gatwick has two terminals, North and South, connected by a free shuttle train that takes about two minutes. South Terminal is the larger of the two and handles most scheduled long-haul flights. North Terminal serves a mix of short-haul and charter carriers.

The airport is smaller than Heathrow and easier to navigate. Security queues are generally shorter except during summer holiday peaks. The walk from security to gates in South Terminal is short. The overall experience is less stressful than Heathrow, which is part of the appeal for budget travelers.

Gatwick sits 30 miles south of central London, roughly twice the distance of Heathrow. The Gatwick Express runs to Victoria in 30 minutes, which is competitive, but Victoria is not as well connected to east London as Paddington.

London Southend is a small regional airport in Essex with a train station attached directly to the terminal building. The terminal handles a limited number of routes. Security queues rarely take more than 10 minutes, and the walk from the entrance to the gate is short.

The departures area past security has a few shops and food outlets. Do not expect the range of a larger airport. What Southend offers is speed: if you live nearby, you can leave home an hour before departure and make the flight.

London City Airport is the smallest of London's six airports, sitting in the Royal Docks between Canary Wharf and the Thames Barrier. The terminal is compact: one security area leads to a small departures lounge with views of the runway. You can arrive 30 minutes before a domestic flight and make it comfortably.

The runway is short, which limits the airport to smaller aircraft types. The approach is steep, which some passengers notice on landing. The upside of the small scale: no long walks to gates, no terminal train, no maze of corridors. A small selection of restaurants and shops sits airside.